FAMILY MEDIATION IN PORTUGAL
Voluntary participation and need to have the agreement approved by a court or civil registrar
In Portugal mediation is voluntary. The parties to a dispute on family matters concerning children or spouses can use public or private family mediation by mutual agreement. The court can also refer the parties to mediation, but it cannot impose it without their consent.
Family mediation can be accessed before an action is lodged in court or in the civil register office (Conservatória do Registo Civil), or after an action is already pending. In either case, an agreement relating to family matters must be approved by the court or civil registrar to be enforceable. The parties’ representatives (if any) can also attend the mediation sessions — and in practice sometimes do so. The general principles applicable to mediation are set out in Law No 29/2013 of 19 April 2013.
Mediation in court proceedings
If the parties access family mediation before bringing an action, and if an agreement is reached, they should request the civil register office of their choice to approve the agreement. Such agreements may cover matters concerning the spouses (e.g. divorce, maintenance payments between the spouses, family home, use of the surname of the ex-spouse) or matters concerning the children (e.g. agreement relating to parental responsibility attached to a divorce agreement or agreement for maintenance payments for adult offspring). Before approval by the registrar, the Public Prosecutor’s Office (Ministério Público) will issue an opinion on the agreement, insofar as it relates to parental responsibility for minors.
If family mediation takes place before bringing an action to court with the sole purpose of agreeing on parental responsibility for minors (without an attached divorce or legal separation agreement), the parties will have to request the appropriate court to approve the agreement.
If family mediation takes place while a judicial action is pending, it will proceed as follows:
- In judicial actions concerning parental responsibility (e.g. custody, visits, maintenance allowances for minors), there is a specialised technical hearing and mediation stage. After being summoned to a meeting by a judge, should the parties not reach an agreement, the judge will adjourn the talks for a period of between 2 and 3 months and will refer the parties to one of the following alternative mechanisms: mediation, as long as the parties consent or request the referral; or a specialised technical hearing, to be undertaken by the technical support services of the court. Once the adjournment period has expired, talks will recommence and, should an agreement have been reached by one of the above methods, the judge will consider and approve the agreement. If there is no agreement, the case will proceed to the litigation phase.
- As a rule, in all civil actions, including those concerning spouses (e.g. divorce and legal separation, maintenance payments between the spouses and ex-spouses, awarding the family home, when there is no initial agreement), Article 273 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Código de Processo Civil) allows the court to stay the proceedings and refer the case to mediation, unless either of the parties opposes the referral.
- In accordance with Article 272(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure, the parties may also request to stay the proceedings by mutual agreement for a period of 3 months and, during that time, access mediation of their own initiative.
If an agreement is reached through mediation while proceedings are pending in the cases described above, the parties must request its approval by the court.
Actions concerning family matters that fall under the jurisdiction of the civil registrar must be brought with the prior agreement of both parties, otherwise they will fall under the jurisdiction of the courts. For that reason, access to mediation at the initiative of the parties can be useful before initiating the proceedings. After proceedings are initiated in the civil register office, Article 14(3) of Decree-Law No 272/2001 of 13 October 2001 states that the registrar should inform the spouses seeking divorce of the existence of mediation services. This provision allows the parties, while the divorce proceedings by mutual consent are pending at the civil register office, to access mediation to reconcile the spouses or to review the agreement relating to parental responsibility, attached to the divorce agreement, when there is a motion from the Public Prosecutor’s Office to that effect.
Choice of public or private mediator, duration and cost of mediation
As a general rule, family mediation may last a maximum of 3 months, in accordance with Article 272(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure. Only in exceptional and duly justified cases can mediation exceed this period.
If the parties access private mediation, they will have to pay the fees of the mediator. This amount, the rules and the mediation schedule are set in the mediation protocol signed by the parties and by the mediator at the start of mediation. The Ministry of Justice maintains a list of public and private mediators that the parties can consult in order to choose a private mediator.
To use public mediation, the parties should contact the Alternative Dispute Resolution Office (Gabinete de Resolução Alternativa de Conflitos) of the Directorate-General for Justice Policy (Direcção Geral da Política de Justiça) and request an appointment for a pre-mediation session. The session can be booked by telephone (+351 808 26 2000) or via the online form. In the public pre-mediation session, a mediation protocol is signed between the parties and the mediator. A time period will be set, sessions will be scheduled and the procedural rules explained.
The cost of public family mediation is €50 for each of the parties, independently of the number of sessions scheduled. This fee of €50 is paid by each of the parties at the outset of the public mediation. The fees of mediators working through the public system are not paid by the parties. They are paid by the Directorate-General for Justice Policy, according to a statutory schedule.
Public mediation sessions can take place at the premises of the Directorate-General for Justice Policy, or at premises made available in the municipality where the parties reside.
In public mediation, the parties can choose a mediator from a list of selected public mediators. If they do not do so, the Alternative Dispute Resolution Office of the Directorate-General for Justice Policy will appoint one of the mediators from the public mediators list chosen by sequential order and considering the proximity to the area of residence of the parties. As a rule, this appointment is made electronically.
If the parties are entitled to legal aid, this may cover the cost of mediation.
Cross-border mediation and co-mediation
In the case of a cross-border dispute, which makes it impossible to have face-to-face sessions, mediation can take place by videoconference.
In Portugal, mediators from other Member States can register to be included in the list of family mediators compiled by the Ministry of Justice (which includes public and private mediators), and they can also be selected for the list of public family mediators (by public tender). In both cases, this will be on the same conditions as those applicable to national mediators.
In Portugal, co-mediation is allowed, both in the public system and in the private mediation system. Co-mediation can take place by choice of the parties, or at the suggestion of the mediator, if they believe this is the best approach for the case.
Useful links / applicable legislation
Please visit the DGPJ website for links to:
- National legislation on mediation: Law No 29/2013 of 19 April 2013 (Mediation Law);
- The list of public and private family mediators;
- General information on family mediation.
Requests for public mediation can be made by calling (+ 351) 808262000 or via the online form.
To find out how much public mediation costs, follow this link:
Pedir mediação familiar | Justiça.gov.pt (justica.gov.pt)
The prices for private mediation may differ from those listed for public mediation.
Final Note
The information contained in this factsheet is of a general nature and is not exhaustive. It is not binding on the contact point, the European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters, the courts or any other persons. It is not intended to replace consultation of the applicable legislation in force.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective EJN contact point. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. Neither the EJN nor the European Commission accept responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.