National information and online forms concerning Regulation No. 44/2001
Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters applies between all Member States of the European Union including Denmark which has concluded a parallel agreement on Regulation 44/2001 with the European Community (the Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters). This agreement entered into force on 1st July 2007.
A judgment given in a Member State shall be recognised in the other Member States without any special procedure being required.
A judgment given in a Member State and enforceable in that State shall be enforced in another Member State when, on the application of any interested party, it has been declared enforceable there. The application shall be submitted to the court or competent authority as notified by the Member State under Art 39 of the Regulation. An appeal against the decision on the application for a declaration of enforceability is to be lodged with the court as notified by the Member State under Art 43(2) and 44 of the Regulation.
Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 has been replaced by Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (Brussels I Regulation (recast)) as from 10 January 2015. This new Regulation applies only to legal proceedings instituted, to authentic instruments formally drawn up or registered and to court settlements approved or concluded on or after 10 January 2015. Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 continues to apply to judgments given in legal proceedings instituted, to authentic instruments formally drawn up or registered and to court settlements approved or concluded before 10 January 2015 which fall within the scope of that Regulation.
Regulation No 1215/2012 applies in Denmark under the Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. The necessary legislative amendments in Denmark entered into force on 1 June 2013.
The Regulation provides for two forms.
The notifications by the Member States under Articles 75 and 76 of Regulation No 1215/2012 are available here.
The European e-Justice Portal provides you with information concerning the application of the Regulation and a user-friendly tool for filling in the forms.
Please select the relevant country's flag to obtain detailed national information.
Practice guide - Jurisdiction and applicable law in international consumer contracts
ARCHIVED European Judicial ATLAS website (closed on 30 September 2017)
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- in Belgium, the ‘tribunal de première instance’.
- in Belgium:
a) as regards appeal by the respondent, the ‘tribunal de première instance’ or ‘rechtbank van eerste aanleg’ or ‘erstinstanzliches Gericht’;
b) as regards appeal by the applicant: the ‘Cour d’appel’ or ‘hof van beroep’.
- in Belgium, an appeal in cassation
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The Bulgarian courts and other authorities have international jurisdiction when the plaintiff or applicant is a Bulgarian national or a legal person registered in the Republic of Bulgaria (Article 4(1)(2) of the Code of International Private Law).
The application for a declaration of the enforceability of a judicial decision or another act issued in another Member State of the European Union are to be submitted to the provincial court (okrazhen sad) (Article 623(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure).
The order is subject to appeal before the Sofia Appeal Court (Article 623(b), first sentence, of the Code of Civil Procedure).
The decision of the Sofia Appeal Court is subject to further appeal before the Supreme Court of Cassation (Article 623(6), second sentence, of the Code of Civil Procedure).
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- in the Czech Republic: § 86 of Act No 99/1963, the Code of Civil Procedure (občanský soudní řád), as amended.
- in the Czech Republic, the district courts (okresní soudy).
- in the Czech Republic, the district courts (okresní soudy).
- in the Czech Republic, appellate review (dovolání), action in annulment (žaloba pro zmatečnost), and action to re-open proceedings (žaloba na obnovu řízení)
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in Denmark: Article 246(2) and (3) of the Administration of Justice Act (lov om rettens pleje).
in Denmark, the "byret".
in Denmark, the "landsret".
in Denmark, an appeal to the "Højesteret" with leave from the "Procesbevillingsnævnet".
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- in Germany: Article 23 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Zivilprozessordnung).
- in Germany:
(a) the presiding Judge of a chamber of the 'Landgericht';
(b) a notary (Notar) in a procedure of declaration of enforceability of an authentic instrument.
- in the Federal Republic of Germany, the Oberlandesgericht.
-in Germany, a Rechtsbeschwerde.
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Article 86 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
County courts
District courts
Appeals to the Supreme Court
Address: Lossi 17
Town: Tartu
Postcode: 50093
Tel: +372 730 9002
Fax: +372 730 9003
E-mail: info@riigikohus.ee
Website: https://www.riigikohus.ee
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- in Ireland: the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in Ireland.
- in Ireland, the High Court.
- in Ireland, the High Court.
- in Ireland, an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court.
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- in Greece, Article 40 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Κώδικας Πολιτικής Δικονομίας).
- in Greece, the Μονομελές Πρωτοδικείο.
- in Greece, the Εφετείο.
- in Greece, an appeal in cassation.
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Not applicable
- in Spain, the Juzgado de Primera Instancia.
- in Spain, the Audiencia Provincial.
- in Spain, an appeal in cassation.
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- in France: Articles 14 and 15 of the Civil Code.
- in France:
a) the chief registrar of the court (directeur de greffe du tribunal judiciaire)
b) the President of the Association of Notaries (chambre des notaires), or his or her replacement in case of absence or incapacity, in the case of application for a declaration of enforceability of a notarial authentic instrument.
- in France:
a) the Court of Appeal (‘cour d’appel’), for decisions allowing the application
b) the presiding judge of the court, for decisions rejecting the application.
- in France, an appeal in cassation (pourvoi en cassation).
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Article 54 of the Act on the Resolution of Conflicts of Laws with the Regulations of Other Countries in Specific Relations (Zakon o rješavanju sukoba zakona s propisima drugih zemalja u određenim odnosima);
Municipal courts (općinski sudovi; sing. općinski sud) in civil matters and the Municipal Civil Court in Zagreb (Općinski građanski sud u Zagrebu) and commercial courts (trgovački sudovi; sing. trgovački sud) in commercial matters;
In civil matters appeals may be lodged with the competent county courts (županijski sudovi; sing. županijski sud) through the competent municipal courts, whereas in commercial matters appeals are to be lodged with the High Commercial Court of the Republic of Croatia (Visoki trgovački sud Republike Hrvatske) through the competent commercial courts.
An appeal is to be lodged with the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia (Vrhovni sud Republike Hrvatske).
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- in Italy: Articles 3 and 4 of Act 218 of 31 May 1995.
- in Italy, the Corte d'appello.
- in Italy, the corte d'appello.
- in Italy, an appeal in cassation.
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- in Cyprus: Article 21(2) of the Courts Act (Law No 14 of 1960), as amended.
- in Cyprus, the District Court (Eparchiakó Dikastírio) or, in the case of a judgment concerning maintenance obligations, the Family Court (Oikogeneiakó Dikastírio).
- in Cyprus, appeals can be lodged with the Administrative Court (Dioikitikó Dikastírio).
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- in Latvia: section 27 and paragraphs 3, 5, 6 and 9 of section 28 of the Civil Procedure Law (Civilprocesa likums).
- in Latvia, the rajona (pilsētas) tiesa.
- in Latvia, the Apgabaltiesa.
- in Latvia, an appeal to the Augstākā tiesa.
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- in Lithuania: Article 31 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Civilinio proceso kodeksas).
- in Lithuania, the Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas.
- in Lithuania, the Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas.
- in Lithuania, an appeal to the Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas.
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- in Luxembourg: Articles 14 and 15 of the Civil Code (Code civil).
- in Luxembourg, the presiding judge of the tribunal d'arrondissement.
- in Luxembourg, the Cour supérieure de Justice sitting as a court of civil appeal.
- in Luxembourg, an appeal in cassation.
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In Hungary: Section 57 of Decree-Law No 13 of 1979 on International Private Law (a nemzetközi magánjogról szóló 1979. évi 13. törvényerejű rendelet),
In Hungary, the district court operating at the seat of the competent regional court (törvényszék székhelyén működő járásbíróság) and, in Budapest, the Central District Court of Buda (Budai Központi Kerületi Bíróság).
In Hungary, the regional courts (törvényszék); in Budapest, the Budapest-Capital Regional Court (Fővárosi Törvényszék).
in Hungary, a request for review (felülvizsgálati kérelem).
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- in Malta: Articles 742, 743 and 744 of the Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure — Cap. 12, and Article 549 of the Commercial Code — Cap. 13.
- in Malta, the ‘Prim’ Awla tal-Qorti Ċivili’ [First Hall of the Civil Court] or the ‘Qorti tal‑Maġistrati ta’ Għawdex fil-ġurisdizzjoni superjuri tagħha’ [Gozo Court of Magistrates in its superior jurisdiction] or, for maintenance judgments, the ‘Reġistratur tal-Qorti’ [Court Registrar] on transmission by the ‘Ministru responsabbli għall‑Ġustizzja’ [Minister for Justice].
- The Court of Appeal in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeals in the Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure — Cap. 12
- in Malta, there are no further appeals to any other courts;
- for maintenance judgements, the Court of Appeal in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeals in the Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure — Cap. 12.
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- in the Netherlands, the voorzieningenrechter van de rechtbank
- in the Netherlands:
(a) for the defendant: the arrondissementsrechtbank
(b) for the applicant: the gerechtshof.
- in the Netherlands, an appeal in cassation.
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- in Austria: Article 99 of the Court Jurisdiction Act (Jurisdiktionsnorm).
- in Austria, the Bezirksgericht.
- in Austria, the Bezirksgericht.
- in Austria, a Revisionsrekurs.
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Articles 1103 and 1110 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Kodeks postępowania cywilnego).
the Sąd Okręgowy.
the Sąd Apelacyjny.
by an appeal in cassation to the Sąd Najwyższy.
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The following are applicable in Portugal:
- Article 63(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Código de Processo Civil), in so far as it provides for courts to have extraterritorial jurisdiction, for instance, the court at the seat of the branch, agency or office, delegation or representation (if located in Portugal) where application is made for service on the head office; and
- Article 10 of the Code of Labour Procedure (Código de Processo do Trabalho), in so far as it provides for courts to have extraterritorial jurisdiction, for instance, the court at the domicile of the applicant for proceedings arising from an employment contract brought by a worker against an employer.
In Portugal: the District Court (Tribunal de Comarca).
In Portugal: the Appeal Court (Tribunal de Relação).
In Portugal: an appeal on a point of law.
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The national jurisdiction rules referred to in Articles 3(2) and 4(2) of the Regulation are as follows:
in Romania: Articles 1066 to 1082 under Title I ‘International jurisdiction of Romanian courts’ in Book VII ‘International civil procedure’ of Law No 134/2010 on the Code of Civil Procedure
- in Romania, a ‘tribunal’ (tribunal) (Article 1(1) of Article I2 of Law No 191/2007 approving Government Emergency Order No 119/2006 on measures necessary to implement certain Community Regulations from the date of Romania’s accession to the EU, as amended; Articles 95(1), 1099 and 1103(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure)
In Romania, a ‘court of appeal’ (Curtea de apel) (Article 96(2) of Law No 134/2010 on the Code of Civil Procedure).
An appeal (Article 97(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure)
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- in Slovenia: Article 48(2) of the Private International Law and Procedure Act (Zakon o medarodnem zasebnem pravu in postopku) in relation to Article 47(2) of Civil Procedure Act (Zakon o pravdnem postopku) and Article 58(1) of the Private International Law and Procedure Act (Zakon o medarodnem zasebnem pravu in postopku) in relation to Article 57(1) and 47(2) of Civil Procedure Act (Zakon o pravdnem postopku).
- in Slovenia, the okrožno sodišče.
- in Slovenia, the okrožno sodišče.
- in Slovenia, an appeal to the Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije.
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- in Slovakia: Articles 37 to 37e of Act No 97/1963 on Private International Law and the Rules of Procedure relating thereto.
- in Slovakia, the okresný súd.
- in Slovakia, the okresný súd.
- in Slovakia, the dovolanie.
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- In Finland: Chapter 10, Section 18(1), paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Code of Judicial Procedure
- In Finland, the District Court
- In Finland, the Court of Appeal
- In Finland, by means of an appeal to the Supreme Court
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- in Sweden: the first sentence of the first paragraph of Chapter 10 Section 3 of the Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken).
- the district court (tingsrätt).
- the district court, the court of appeal (hovrätt) or the Supreme Court (Högsta domstolen).
- the district court, the court of appeal or the Supreme Court.
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- in the United Kingdom: rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on:
(a) the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United Kingdom; or
(b) the presence within the United Kingdom of property belonging to the defendant; or
(c) the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the United Kingdom.
- in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Magistrate's Court on transmission by the Secretary of State;
- in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Magistrate's Court;
- a single further appeal on a point of law.
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- in the United Kingdom: rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on:
(a) the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United Kingdom; or
(b) the presence within the United Kingdom of property belonging to the defendant; or
(c) the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the United Kingdom.
- in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Magistrate's Court;
- in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Magistrate's Court;
- a single further appeal on a point of law
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
- in the United Kingdom: rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on:
(a) the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United Kingdom; or
(b) the presence within the United Kingdom of property belonging to the defendant; or
(c) the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the United Kingdom.
- in Scotland, the Court of Session, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Sheriff Court on transmission by the Secretary of State;
- in Scotland, the Court of Session, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Sheriff Court;
- a single further appeal on a point of law.
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- in the United Kingdom: rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on:
(a) the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United Kingdom; or
(b) the presence within the United Kingdom of property belonging to the defendant; or
(c) the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the United Kingdom
- in Gibraltar, the Supreme Court of Gibraltar, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Magistrates' Court on transmission by the Attorney General of Gibraltar.
- in Gibraltar, the Supreme Court of Gibraltar, or in the case of a maintenance judgment, the Magistrates' Court.
- a single further appeal on a point of law.
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