Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: 162/09
    • Member State: Germany
    • Common Name:Consumer Advice Centre/ Gas Supplying Company X
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 09/02/2011
    • Court: BGH (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 1, 2. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 2 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 2. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 3. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 5
  • Headnote
    The following questions were referred to the ECJ on the interpretation of EU-law under Article 267 TFEU:
    a) Is Article 1(2) of Council Directive 93/13/EEC 1 of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts to be interpreted as meaning that contractual terms concerning price variations in gas supply contracts with consumers who are to be supplied outside the general obligation to supply gas and on the basis of the general freedom of contract (special customers) are not subject to the provisions of the directive if, in those contractual terms, the statutory provisions which apply to standard-rate customers within the framework of the general obligation to provide a connection and supply gas are incorporated unchanged in the contractual relationships with special customers?
    b) Are Articles 3 and 5 of Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts - in so far as they are applicable - in conjunction with point 1(j) and the second sentence of point 2(b) of the annex referred to in Article 3(3) of that directive, and Article 3(3) of, in conjunction with points (b) and/or (c) of Annex A to, Directive 2003/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas and repealing Directive 98/30/EC to be interpreted as meaning that contractual terms concerning price variations in natural-gas supply contracts with special customers meet the requirements for plain and intelligible wording and/or possess the requisite degree of transparency if, although the grounds, preconditions and scope of a change in price are not set out, it is nevertheless ensured that the gas supply company informs its customers of every price increase in good time in advance and those customers have the right to terminate the contract by way of notice if they do not wish to accept the amended conditions of which they have been informed?
    (C-92/11)
  • Facts
    The claimant is the consumer organisation of North Rhine-Westphalia e.V., and sued the defendant gas supplier from ceded rights to obtain repayment of gas supply payments that had been paid by the defendant following price increases. In the region in question, the gas supply was undertaken by companies of the V.-conglomerate (in the following, V) joined now with the R.-conglomerate (in the following, R), in particular by the former V. AG (in the following, V) and partly by the W. AG (in the following, W). The defendant is the successor in law of W, which supplied the 25 consumers with gas through the pipe network. Depending on the area concerned different contracts were formed. The 25 consumers may be divided into five different groups depending on their residence and the date of the contract formation, of which groups two are relevant for this case. The parties have stipulated that both groups have formed contracts as special contract clients
    One group is constituted by the clients of V’s area not regulated by tariffs. The other group represents the clients of V’s area regulated by tariffs, whose contracts were formed before the regulation by tariffs came into effect. For the purpose of effecting the change of contract they were addressed as follows:
    “…our tariff system changes. For this reason you will from now on be classed as tariff clients and will be supplied at the same conditions.
    From 1 October 1999 we will therefore continue our contractual relation with you on the basis of the General Conditions for the Gas Supply of Tariff Clients (AVBGasV, Allgemeinen Bedingungen für die Gasversorgung von Tarifkunden). A copy of these Conditions are joined to this letter.
    The price of gas does not change for you through this formal change.”
    The court of appeal did not decide whether and in which way the basis for this change was the AVBGasV or V’s General terms and conditions for supply (AVB-V., Allgemeinen Versorgungsbedingungen der V.). The latter contained according to the defendant a similar right to change prices as article 4 of the AVBGasV.
    The defendant increased prices four times between 1 January 2003 and 1 October 2005. In this period it was in practice impossible for the 25 clients to change the supplier. All paid their bills for the years 2003 to 2005 with the reservation of a repayment claim.
    The claimant deems the price increases to have been invalid. He claims for the repayment of the amounts for the years 2003 to 2005 that exceeded the defendant’s prices from the end of 2002. At first instance the claim succeeded. The defendant’s appeal was rejected. With the admitted appeal to the Federal Court of Justice the defendant seeks to have the claims dismissed.
  • Legal issue
    From the explanations to the exception contained in article 1(2) of the Directive on unfair contract terms it results that for national provisions that directly or indirectly fix terms in consumer contracts it must be assumed that they do not contain unfair contract terms. Therefore, the terms that rely on binding provisions do no fall within the scope of the Directive.
    For this reason, and because the Commission had knowledge of the German regulations concerning energy supply when creating the Directive proposal and its article 1(2), it must be assumed that terms that only permit the transposition of national provisions do not fall within the scope of the Directive either. In this way the content of terms is fixed in an indirect manner.
    Terms that permit a professional to unilaterally change the contract conditions of a contract of undetermined duration are not unfair, contrary to no. 1(j) of the annex to the Directive on unfair terms, under no. 2(b) of the annex so long as the clause imposes a duty for the professional to inform ahead of time. In this case the consumer must have a right to terminate the contract.
    A similar objective is pursued by the annex A (b) of the Gas-Directive (2003/55/EC). Under this Directive, the Member States must ensure that the client is informed ahead of time of the change of contract conditions and of his right to terminate the contract. From this latter provision it results that the European legislator recognises the interest of suppliers to pass on cost increases to its consumers during the contract without having to terminate it.
    The same purpose also applies to the provisions of article 4 (1) and (2) of the AVBGasV on the legal right to change prices.
    The requirement of transparency contained in article 3(3) sentence 4 of the Gas-Directive and in article 5 sentence 1 of the Directive on unfair contract terms is rather general and does not permit the conclusion that terms that are in their content identical to national provisions giving the right to change prices, are invalid.
    It is doubtful whether the requirement of transparency of the annex A (c) of the Gas-Directive even applies to price changes, since it merely references “applicable prices and tariffs”. It is rather annex A (b) of the Gas-Directive that is applicable, being a more particular provision, which also clarifies the relation between no. 1 (j) and no. 2 (b) sentence 2 of the annex of the Directive on unfair terms: The requirements of transparency are relaxed and the contract does not need to indicate a reason for the price change. A clause giving the right to change prices that applies article 4 of the AVBGasV in an unchanged manner fulfils the relaxed requirements of transparency, since on a a reading compatible with the Directive, the client has sufficient time to have the clause verified under article 315 of the German Civil Code as well as terminate the contract.
  • Decision

    Full text: Full text

  • Related Cases

    No results available

  • Legal Literature

    No results available

  • Result