Rechtspraak

  • Bijzonderheden van de zaak
    • Nationaal ID: Supreme Court, Judgement in case 19/01115
    • Lidstaat: Nederland
    • Gangbare benaming:N/A
    • Soort beslissing: Beslissing hooggerechtshof
    • Datum beslissing: 08/11/2019
    • Gerecht: Hoge Raad
    • Onderwerp:
    • Eiser:
    • Verweerder:
    • Trefwoorden: Unfair term, arbitration clause, ex officio
  • Richtlijnartikelen
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, ANNEX I, 1., (q)
  • Koptekst

    ECLI:NL:HR:2019:1731

    A foundation offers rent-controlled housing to consumers. The foundation’s standard contract terms included an arbitration clause, which the foundation invoked against a consumer. In these proceedings, the foundation lodged an application in summary proceedings for leave to enforce the default arbitral award. The Court referred questions to the Supreme Court for a preliminary ruling under Dutch procedural law. The Supreme Court held that when assessing an application for leave to enforce an arbitral award, the Court is required to examine of his own motion (1) whether the arbitration clause is unfair within the meaning of Directive 93/13 and (2) whether a contractual term underlying the claim set out in the arbitral award is likely to be unfair within the meaning of Directive 93/13. If after this examination it is plausible that a term is unfair, it is plausible that the term would be annulled in ordinary court proceedings. The Court that is asked for a leave to enforce an arbitral award must then refuse the leave to enforce but is required to honour the principle of a fair hearing. In ascertaining the potential unfairness of the terms, the Court must consider whether, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the consumer received clear and transparent information on the differences between the arbitration proceedings and the ordinary court proceedings. However, the mere fact that this information has or has not been provided, is not sufficient to consider the term fair or unfair.

  • Feiten

    The Foundation Intermaris offers rent-controlled housing to consumers, including the consumer in this case. Since the consumer did not pay the rent, the foundation invoked an arbitration clause. The consumer did not appear in the arbitrational proceedings. The Foundation obtained an arbitral award for the amount due. In these proceedings, the Foundation lodged an application in summary proceedings for leave to enforce the default arbitral award. The Court subsequently referred questions to the Supreme Court for a preliminary ruling under Dutch procedural law.

  • Juridische kwestie

    1. Should the Court ask for a leave to enforce an arbitral award, if necessary of its own motion, toexamine whether the arbitral award is based on an (arbitral) term, which is unfair in the light of the criteria laid out in Directive 93/13?

    2. If so, in what circumstances should that assessment be made?

    3. Must the Court, if necessary of its own motion, verify whether the arbitration clause on which the arbitral award is based is contrary to Article 6:236(n) of the Civil Code and if so, must the Court, if necessary of its own motion, verify whether the consumer has actually been granted the period of at least one month prescribed by Section 6:236(n) of the Civil Code?

  • Uitspraak

    1. When assessing an application for leave to enforce an arbitral award, the Court is required to examine of his own motion (1) whether the arbitration clause is unfair within the meaning of Directive 93/13 and (2) whether a contractual term underlying the claim set out in the arbitral award is likely to be unfair within the meaning of Directive 93/13. A marginal assessment by the Court is not sufficient, nor can the Court solely rely on what is stated in the arbitral award in this respect. If after this examination it is plausible that the term in question is unfair, it is plausible that the term would be annulled in ordinary court proceedings. The Court asked for a leave to enforce an arbitral award must then refuse the leave to enforce the arbitral award. Both parties are to be heard when the Court is considering refusing the leave to enforce the arbitral award for the Court to observe the principle of adversarial proceedings. To that extent, the Court must give the applicant and the consumer the opportunity to express their views orally or in writing. In this way, the consumer will also have the chance to oppose a refusal by the judge hearing the application for interim measures.

    2. The assessment of the unfairness of the arbitration clause must consider all the circumstances existing at the time of the conclusion of the contract, taking into account the nature of the goods or services to which the contract relates. One of the circumstances to be considered in the assessment of an arbitration clause is whether at the time of the conclusion of the contract the consumer received clear and transparent information on the differences between the arbitration proceedings and the ordinary court proceedings. The mere fact that this information has or has not been provided, is not sufficient to consider the term fair or unfair.

    3. The Court must, of its own motion, determine whether the arbitration clause allows the consumer to choose adjudication by a court within 30 days after the trader has invoked the clause. Where this is not clear from the contract, the term is deemed to be unfair under Art. 6:236(n) Civil Code. This is also true if in the case at hand the consumer was offered such a period. Whether an arbitration clause that allows the consumer to choose adjudication by a court within 30 days after the trader has invoked the clause is unfair, is still to be determined.

    Integrale tekst: Integrale tekst

  • Verwante zaken

    Geen resultaten

  • Rechtsleer

    Geen resultaten

  • Resultaat

    The Supreme Court answers the questions referred to it as indicated above.