Jurisprudenţă

  • Detalii privind cazul
    • ID național: Court of Appeal, Bucharest, Civil section V, Judgement no 4/2022
    • Statul membru: România
    • Denumire comună:N/A
    • Tipul de decizie: Decizie a Curții care face obiectul unui recurs
    • Data deciziei: 11/01/2022
    • Instanţa: CURTEA DE APEL BUCUREŞTI, SECŢIA A V-A CIVILĂ
    • Obiect:
    • Reclamantul:
    • Pârâtul:
    • Cuvinte-cheie: credit agreement, unfair terms, consumer rights, nullity, clearly legible, imbalance between the rights of the parties, reimbursement
  • Articole din directivă
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 4, 2.
  • Notă preliminară

    ECLI:RO:CABUC:2022:053.______


    The absolute nullity of an unfair term and the corresponding reimbursement can also be decided after the termination of the contract; an unnegotiated clause which does not indicate the reasons justifying a variation of the interest, but merely specifies a criterion under the fully control of the bank and unverifiable, that will be used for variation, is to be considered as unfair. For a clause on the price to be considered unclear, it is not sufficient that the consumer ignores the exact composition of that price (which is true for most of the complex goods or services on the market); what matters the way in which it is expressed to the client.

  • Fapte

    After an early termination of the loan agreement, the consumer launched court proceedings contesting the fairness of the clause on the variable interest perceived by the bank. In appeal, the consumer was successful, and the bank launched an appeal on points of law, alleging wrong interpretation of the Law 193/2000 regarding the analyses made by the inferior court as regards the unfairness of the clause. The consumer also launched an appeal on points of law as regards the restitutions ordered to his benefit, alleging the nullity of the entire clause on the interest (and not only of the part related to the variation).

  • Chestiune juridică

    Whether it is possible to bring court proceedings in relation with the unfairness of some clauses after the termination of the contract.

    Under what circumstances can a contractual clause on the variation of interest be declared unfair.

  • Hotărârea

    As regards the appeal on points of law launched by the bank:

    The nullities regulated by the Law 193/2000 are absolute and thus, absent of a contrary provision, the actions are imprescriptible in time. The absolute nullity cannot be covered by the fact that the consumer paid the interest rates, did not contest the modification of the interests or that he proceeded to an anticipative reimbursement of the loan. No legal norm forbids the founding of the absolute (partial) nullity of a clause and the corresponding reimbursement after the termination of the contract.

    As regards the clause stipulating the variation of the interest depending on the market interest rate, the inferior court validly appreciated that such a criterion of variation is not clearly legible and verifiable, and thus unfair. The clause, which was not negotiated, does not indicate the reason justifying a variation of the interest, but merely indicates a criterion, under the full control of the bank and unverifiable, used for variation. The market interest rate is not explained in the contract and no objective indications are given for its specification, so that the consumer or the Court are able to appreciate the reasons for the variation. Because of this, the clause does not meet the requirements of transparency. Nor is the good faith requirement met, since based on all the relevant circumstances at the moment of the conclusion of the contract, it cannot be considered that the consumer would have accepted, in a real negation, that unclear criteria for variation.

    As regards the appeal on points of law launched by the consumer:

    Even if the criterion of variation was unfair, this does not amount to the invalidity of the entire initial clause on the interest; the clause clearly indicated the interest due, respecting art. 4(6) of the Law 193/2000. For a price to be unclear, it is not sufficient that the consumer ignores its exact composition (which is true for most of the complex goods or services on the market), but the way in which it is expressed for the client does matter. In this case, the client knew exactly that cost (11% of the principal/year), which was expressed as such and appeared as the price expected for the whole duration of the contract. Of course, the bank did not fully act in good faith towards the consumer; its bad faith did not concern the starting price of the contract (11% interest), but the criterion for its variation. Because of this, it cannot be accepted that the single predictable provision was the one on the marge; it cannot be accepted that what the parties initially agreed, and what should remain after the annulment of the unclear variation criterion, was the LIBOR interest plus the marge, since this aspect does not result from the contract, and it cannot be considered clearer than an express contractual provision on the initial price, expressed and indicated as such in a fixed amount.

    As regards the sums perceived by the bank when the anticipated reimbursement of the credit took place, the consumer did not prove that the bank perceived a commission for that reimbursement; even if the reimbursed sum was increased, because of the increased interest applied previously, and this creates a prejudice for him, this will be repaired for him because, following the unfairness of the clause, the bank will be obliged to reimburse the sums illegally perceived and to pay the corresponding legal interest, until the full reimbursement.

    Text integral: Text integral

  • Cazuri conexe

    Nu există rezultate disponibile

  • Doctrină

    Nu există rezultate disponibile

  • Rezultat

    Considering that the inferior court correctly established the unfairness of the clause on the variable interest and calculated the amounts of reimbursements to be made, the Court rejects the appeals on points of law launched by both the bank and by the consumer, against the contested decision, which is upheld. The decision is final.