Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: III ZR 437/04
    • Member State: Germany
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 19/05/2005
    • Court: BGH (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 5
  • Headnote
    1. A precondition for “negotiation” of a clause within the meaning of § 305 (1) 3rd sentence BGB (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch – German Civil Code = Art. 3 (2), 1st sentence Dir. 93/13/EC) is – at least in relation to a not entirely comprehensible text – that the user has informed the other contractual party of the substance and scope of the clause or that it is otherwise recognisable that the other party has genuinely comprehended its meaning.
  • Facts
    The claimant concluded a dating service contract with the respondent on 13.3.2002 for a duration of six months. Separate from the contractual document signed by both parties, the claimant and the respondent’s representative signed a further document. It contained a clause according to which the ordinary right of cancellation for both parties according to § 627 BGB could be excluded. Furthermore, the exclusion of the customer’s cancellation right was linked to the justification that at any time, even following expiry of the contractual period of six months laid down in the dating service contract, the customer could access an unlimited number of further suggested partners free of charge.
    Below the clause, each party inserted the following respective sentences: “I agree to exclusion of the right of cancellation” (claimant) and “The firm D. GmbH (=respondent) agrees to exclusion of the right of cancellation” (the respondent’s field representative). The claimant cancelled the dating service contract by letter of 2.4.2002 by reference to § 627 BGB, alternatively § 626 BGB. His request for a refund of his membership payment was refused by the respondent, who asserted the claimant did not have a right of cancellation.
    The AG (Amtsgeriocht – in this sense small claims court) and LG (Landgericht – district court) dismissed the claim. The Revision (appeal on points of law) was successful and led to the judgment being overturned and sent back to the court below.
  • Legal issue
    In the view of the BGH (Bundesgerichtshof – Federal Supreme Court) a dating service contract can generally only waive the rule in § 627 (1) BGB by means of an individual, and not a standard contract term.
    The BGH is of the view that the clause at issue was a unilaterally presented standard contract term (§305 (1), 1st and 2nd sentence BGB), as the supplementary agreement on exclusion of the right of cancellation in § 627 BGB was not “individually negotiated” by the parties (§ 305 (1), 3rd sentence BGB). The handwritten clause at issue corresponds to the definition of a standard contract term. Also orally stipulated contract terms could be pre-formulated for a multitude of contracts within the meaning of § 305 (1), 1st sentence BGB, if they are “saved” “in the head” of the user or his agent to this end.
    The clause can only be valid if the contract terms are “negotiated”. This requires that the user genuinely offers the rules in his standard contract terms, which in their core deviate from statutory provisions, and gives the contractual partner a freedom to formulate it to protect his own interests; the customer must have the genuine possibility of influencing the content of the contractual clauses. “Negotiation” of a contract clause further requires that, as the one party explains it to the other, the latter is free to conclude the contract without this condition or to stick with the agreement of a contract already signed. Moreover, it is necessary that the user informs the other party of the substance and scope of the clause in detail, to ensure that the content of the contract is accepted in its legal formulation.
    These conditions for a “negotiation” were not fulfilled in the present case according to the BGH.
  • Decision

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