Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: 3 Ob 112/04y
    • Member State: Austria
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 16/02/2005
    • Court: Oberster Gerichtshof (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Doorstep Selling Directive, Article 1, 1.
  • Headnote
    1. Property contracts can also be subject to the KSchG.
    2. A consumer is regarded as having initiated a contract as per § 3 para 3 line 1 KSchG if he acted on his own steam in initiating a specific transaction. Thus, if he himself instigated the concluding of a specific contract, he must bear responsibility for any potential influence this may subsequently have had on his purchasing decision. “Initiating” in this sense requires the consumer, through his actions and on his own initiative, to make unambiguous his desire to enter into negotiations with a view to concluding a specific transaction.
    3. The suppler carries the burden of proof for demonstrating that the consumer initiated the transaction.
    4. The decisive factor in determining whether a consumer has initiated a transaction is whether he makes clear to his future contractual partner his desire to enter into negotiations with a view to concluding a specific transaction. In other words, the “initiating” must apply to the actual transaction with the same supplier. As such, the supplier may not claim that contact was initiated with another supplier if the latter was not acting as an agent for the supplier with whom the transaction was ultimately concluded.
  • Facts
    A retiree wished to sell her house and so made contact by phone with an independent property broker. The broker informed the woman that she was willing to view the property in question, but that she would like to bring along a colleague, who was a “local expert”. She gave no reason for this and also did not in any way indicate that she would not be concluding the brokerage contract herself. The independent property broker attended the agreed viewing with an employee of the PLC, which was the plaintiff in the case. The broker introduced the third party as a colleague and an employee of the plaintiff and then informed the retiree that she would not be taking on the brokerage brief because she personally had too much work at the time. After the property viewing, there was a discussion about whether the independent property broker or the plaintiff should take on the brief. At this stage, the plaintiff’s employee gave the retiree a presentation of the brokerage firm and its credentials and brokerage options (international contacts, internet presence and Austria-wide operations). The retiree ultimately decided to commission the plaintiff to broker the sale of her house. The plaintiff and the retiree reached an agreement, including that the commission fee would still be payable if the retiree sold her property privately to a third party while the brokerage contract was valid. Alongside the brokerage contract, the retiree also received a brochure containing a variety of information, including a reference to §§ 3 and 30a KSchG.
    The retiree stated in writing to the plaintiff, within the withdrawal period laid down in § 3 KSchG, that she was cancelling the brokerage contract. She sold the property to individuals with whom she had been in contact. The plaintiff subsequently lodged a claim for payment of the commission fee and took the claim to court.
    The Court of First Instance upheld the claim, though the Court of Appeal overturned this ruling.
  • Legal issue
    The OGH upheld the Court of Appeal’s ruling. It stated at the outset that the retiree had signed the brokerage contract on her property – ie not on the plaintiff’s premises as per § 3 para 1 KSchG – and had also stated in writing her withdrawal from the contract within the period specified in the aforementioned provision. The court also stated that property contracts can also be subject to the KSchG. The only decisive factor here was the question of whether the retiree had “initiated” the contract with the plaintiff as per § 3 para 3 line 1 KSchG. The OGH also defined the term “initiate” as in headnotes 2 and 3 above.
    However, the consumer only “initiates the contract” if he initiates the contract that is then ac-tually concluded. In other words, the purpose for which the consumer originally initiated business contact must be fulfilled. This definition of “initiating” does not refer purely to the concrete elements of the contract that is to be concluded (in casu, the brokerage contract for a specific property), but also to the person who is presumed to be the contractual partner and not a third party. This is because the law assumes that business contact is (only) made with the supplier or an agent working on his behalf. A contract has therefore only been “initi-ated” as per § 3 para 3 line 1 KSchG if the consumer makes clear to his future contractual party his desire to enter into negotiations with a view to concluding a specific legal transaction. Thus, the supplier may not claim that contact was initiated with another supplier if the latter was not acting as an agent for the supplier with whom the transaction was ultimately concluded (headnote 4).
    The argument that it would not have mattered to the retiree with which property broker she concluded the brokerage contract can be countered with reference to the wording and purpose of § 3 KSchG. The question of whether the consumer has actually been caught un-awares is not significant since the KSchG aims to protect consumers from any detriment they might suffer in legal transactions as a result of a supplier’s exploiting their typically weaker position. Thus, the decisive factor was a general and abstract assessment of the situation (ie of the threat typically posed to the consumer in that situation).
    The one remaining element to asses was whether, by consenting to the request made by the property broker with whom she initiated the brokerage transaction to bring along a “local expert”, the defendant had forfeited the protection afforded under § 3 KSchG. Even assum-ing that a consumer may forfeit the protection afforded under § 3 KSchG, given the facts of the case here, this had clearly not happened. The retiree had had no grounds to refuse the independent property broker’s request by phone to bring along a colleague (a “local expert”) since the property broker had not informed her that she was not intending to conclude the brokerage contract herself. As such, there is no basis for the argument that, if the supplier calls in advance to arrange a visit, this offsets the danger that a consumer might be caught unawares since he is able to refuse the visit. In addition, the retiree was not informed until the visit to her house that the property broker she had contacted might not be concluding the contract herself and that, during the course of the visit to view her property, the retiree would be given a choice as to which broker she wished to agree the brokerage contract with. It was only at this stage that the plaintiff’s credentials and brokerage options were pre-sented to her. This could only be regarded as having been initiated by plaintiff, whom the retiree had never tried to contact previously.
  • Decision

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