Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: VIII 110/06
    • Member State: Germany
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 11/07/2007
    • Court: BGH (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Consumer Sales and Guarantees Directive, Article 1, 2. Consumer Sales and Guarantees Directive, Article 5, 3.
  • Headnote
    The presumption of § 476 BGB is not incompatible with the nature of the defect, if the defect which already existed upon the passing of the risk was not noticeable to both buyer and seller. § 476 does not require that the seller is more probable to discover the relevant defect than the buyer.
    A buyer invoking the reversal of the burden of proof under § 476 BGB has to state and prove that the legal prerequisites for a consumer sale in the terms of § 474 BGB are met, since this is required by § 476 BGB. In particular, he has to prove that he acted as a consumer in the terms of § 13 BGB upon the conclusion of the contract.
  • Facts
    The defendant, who professionally breeds cats, on 11 August 2008 sold a tomcat to the plaintiff for EUR 660. The tomcat was classified as a breeding animal. At this time, the plaintiff inter alia owned to female cats. The tomcat was delivered on 6 October 2002. On 26 October 2002 it was diagnosed with having a mycosis. Due to the extremely erratic incubation period of this type of mycosis it could not be established whether the animal had already been infected upon its delivery. The plaintiff claims compensation for the treatment expenses for the tomcat as well as for her other cats. In the lower instances, her claim had been rejected.
  • Legal issue
    The FCJ has referred the case back to the appellate court. The shifting of the burden of proof under § 476 BGB to the advantage of the plaintiff was not excluded due to the reason assumed by the appellate court. The appellate court was right in stating that § 476 BGB was based on the assumption that the seller who sold movable goods to consumers in the course of a businesses typically had the better resources to detect defects. However, the presumption of § 476 BGB applied regardless of whether or not the seller actually had the advantage of superior knowledge in the particular case. Otherwise the shifting of the burden of proof would never apply to hidden defects (e. g. with respect to goods still in factory packaging) and thus the provision which was intended to protect consumers would largely not have the desired effect.

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  • Decision

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