Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: 792/2009
    • Member State: Spain
    • Common Name:Organización de Consumidores y Usuarios (OCU) v. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S. A and others.
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 16/12/2009
    • Court: Tribunal Supremo (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 2 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 2. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 3.
  • Headnote
    The Supreme Court confirms the judgement of SAP Madrid 11th May 2005 (see in this very same database) and extends the list of clauses considered unfair.
    1. They are void for being unfair various clauses included in the contracts for banking services as to reserve the bank a full exemption from liability during the period before the notification of loss, theft or damaged of the issued card, or the right to terminate the contract when decreasing the solvency of the account’s holder.
    2. The success of the action of cessation brought up by OCU makes possible that the declaration of 14 unfair clauses as void applies to other banks that were not involved in the process.
  • Facts
    The Organization of Consumers and Users (OCU) brought up a collective action of cessation against 17 clauses included in the contracts signed by four of the main banks in Spain regarding various banking services. The judgment of the Court of Instance established the total nullity of 10 of those clauses. Both the banks and the OCU appealed the judgment and the Appeal Court stated that 8 of these clauses were unfair and therefore void. OCU brought the case before the Supreme Court and demanded the nullity of this “unfair contract term” in the preexisting and future contracts; the elimination of it; the publication of the judgment in, at least, two of the main national newspapers as well as its inclusion in the Registry of General Contractual Terms.
  • Legal issue
    According to the judgment, besides the clauses that already were declared “unfair terms” in SAP Madrid 11th May 2005 (see analysis and full-text of the case in EU Consumer Acquis Database), the Supreme Court declared another six clauses unfair and void, among others:
    1) Reserve the bank the decision to compensate the credit and debit balances of different accounts of a holder or to compensate the credit and debit balance of different co-holders of the same account(s) even when the debt only matched to one of them. In this case the clause was declared unfair not because of the content itself but due to lack of transparency in the writings of one the contracts (Banco Santander Central Hispano).
    2) Reserve for the bank a full exemption from liability on case of loss, theft or damage of a card during the time previous to the notification of the fact.
    3) Reserve for the bank the decision to terminate the contract “in case of seize of goods belonging to the holder or when decreasing the solvency of the latter”.
  • Decision

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