Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: 501/2008
    • Member State: Spain
    • Common Name:Daniela v. “P. S. L.”
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 03/06/2008
    • Court: Tribunal Supremo (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 2 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 2. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 3.
  • Headnote
    A clause in an earnest money agreement (pre-sale contract on real state property) that entitles the seller to unilaterally withdraw the contract and simply payback the original given amount (allowing him to get a better offer for the same property) is deemed to be unfair and therefore void. Consequently, the sale contract must remain valid and the seller has to comply with it.
  • Facts
    The plaintiff and the defendant signed a pre-sale contract on August 1st. 1987 expecting to complete the sale before December 31st. 1997. The plaintiff paid for this, in order to reserve the property, 500.000 pesetas (around 3000 euros). The contract included the next clause: “In case the buyer decides to withdrawal, the agreement will become invalid and the sum will be retained by the seller (...) In case the seller decides to withdrawal, he will have to payback the given amount”. On February 5th. 1999, after four extensions of the same contract, the seller chose to withdrawal. The plaintiff demanded to make effective the contract and the nullity of the quoted clause. The Court of First Instance attended the requirement of the plaintiff. On the contrary, the Appeal Court revoked the judgment and condemned the seller to payback 1.000.000 pesetas (around 6000 euros). The Supreme Court again revoked the judgment of the Appeal Court and imposed the seller to make effective the content of the contract, declaring the nullity of this “unfair term”.
  • Legal issue
    The clause had been already declared void as “unfair term” by the previous judgements. In fact, the defendant had agreed to this point before the Appeal Court. For this only reason the sale contract must remain valid and the seller has to comply with it.
  • Decision

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