Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: 401/2010
    • Member State: Spain
    • Common Name:Organización de Consumidores y Usuarios (OCU) v. Allianz, Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros, S. A.
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 01/07/2010
    • Court: Tribunal Supremo (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 4, 2. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 6, 1.
  • Headnote
    1. They are void for being unfair several clauses included in the insurance policy agreements of three of the major Spanish insurance companies, as to prevent the consumer to know which is the method to calculate the surrender of a policy or the increase in value of the insurance policy, which is the technical rate of interest, the variation index, the limits to the legal expenses insurance, the accident rate, to breach the legal expenses insurance in various circumstances or to terminate the contract in case of any casualty occurrence.
    2. The Spanish law of transposition of the Directive 93/13 on unfair terms (Law 7/1998) did not implement the art. 4.2 of the Directive on the non-unfair nature of the essential elements of the contract. According with the ECJ judgment of 3rd. June 2010 a Member State may increase the level of protection for the consumers and, therefore, that rule does not apply in Spain.
  • Facts
    The association of consumers and users known as OCU brought a collective action of cessation against the different insurance companies to avoid the use of several standard terms included in their respective insurance policies agreements. OCU demanded the nullity of this “unfair contract terms” in the contracts; the prohibition of using them in the future; the publication of the judgment in the Official Bulletin of the Commercial Register and in a national newspaper; and the inclusion of the judgment in the Registry of General Contractual Terms. The Commercial Court established the total nullity of three of those clauses. Both the insurance companies and the consumer association appealed the judgment and the Appeal Court stated that ten of the resting clauses had to be voided as well.
  • Legal issue
    Against the will of the defendants, the Court accepts the action of cessation brought up by OCU against the terms of the insurance policy agreements of three of the major Spanish insurance companies (v. g., Allianze, Caser and Mapfre). The Court establishes under the basis of the rules disposed by Law 26/1984 of Protection of Consumers and Users (mainly Additional 1st Disposition) that several clauses had to be declared unfair terms (and therefore void) for producing and unjustified imbalance against the consumer.
    According to the judgment, no insurance company will include in their insurance policies clauses in order to:
    1) Prevent the consumer from knowing which is the method to calculate the surrender of a policy before its maturity date.
    2) Prevent the consumer from knowing which is the method to calculate the increase in value of the insurance policy.
    3) Prevent the consumer from knowing which is the technical rate of interest.
    4) Prevent the consumer from knowing the variation index, allowing the defendant(s) to unilaterally modify the contract.
    5) Prevent the consumer from knowing the accident or loss rate.
    6) Prevent the consumer from knowing the limits to the legal expenses insurance.
    7) Allow the defendants(s) to breach the legal expenses insurance if they consider that the judge rule will be contrary to the plaintiff’s interest.
    8) Allow the defendant(s) not to comply with the legal expenses insurance if the court costs are imposed to the other party.
    9) Allow the defendant(s) to terminate the contract in case of any casualty occurrence.
  • Decision

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