Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: II ZR 250/09
    • Member State: Germany
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 12/07/2010
    • Court: BGH (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Doorstep Selling Directive, Article 1, 1. Doorstep Selling Directive, Article 5 Doorstep Selling Directive, Article 7
  • Headnote
    1. The Council Directive 85/577/EEC of 20 December 1985 to protect the consumer in respect of contracts negotiated away from business premises is applicable to the participation in a closed property funds in the form of a “Personengesellschaft”, if the purpose of the participation is not primarily the acquisition of the status of associate but to invest money, and this remains applicable whatever the form of the fund (GbR, OHG or KG). The Directive does not exclude in these cases, however, that the consumer may have to bear certain consequences arising out of his withdrawal.
    2. The principles of the de facto corporation are compatible with article 5(2) of the Directive because of the identical situation of interests for a “Personengesellschaft” as well as for a “GbR” (Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts). Article 5(2) of the Directive does not exclude the consumer’s liability under article 171(1) of the German Code of Commerce (HGB, Handelsgesetzbuch).
  • Facts
    The claimant is a GbR. The defendant joined as an associate in the context of a contract negotiated away from business premises. However, the defendant withdrew from this contract. The claimant then attempted in vain to sue the defendant for payment as an associate of the GbR. She asked in addition to the determination of an obligation to pay also for the determination that the defendant’s withdrawal from his participation was invalid.
  • Legal issue
    By its decisions from 15 April 2010 C-215-08, the ECJ ruled on the questions referred by this court. Whether the defendant was in a situation as described by article 312(1) sentence 1 no. 1 of the German Civil Code is not relevant. In case of a successful withdrawal, restitution is not effected retroactively on the principles of the de facto corporation.
    In its decision the ECJ has declared the Directive 85/577/EEC to be applicable to the participation in a closed property fund in the form of a “Personengesellschaft” also where the purpose of the participation was primarily an investment. This is the case for funds whether their form be GbR, OHG, or KG.
    The question of the applicability of the Directive is primarily centred on the determination of the circumstances of the contract formation.
    It is compatible with the Directive that the consumer, in the case of his withdrawal, must bear its consequences. The Member States may implement laws to ensure a reasonable balance and a fair sharing of risks in the case of a withdrawal. In particular, a national regulation which burdens the consumer with the costs of a withdrawal and not third party creditors (who are not parties to the contract).
    This decision is to be maintained for “Personenhandelsgesellschaften” as well as for “GbR” due to the same interests involved. Article 5(2) of the Directive permits that the consumer be held responsible under article 171(1) of the German Code of Commerce.
    Through the principles of the de facto corporation, which is to be equated with the principles of the faulty participation, the particularities of company law are to be addressed. Thus, the faulty participant is a full associate until his withdrawal with all the rights and obligations arising from this. In case of colliding interests between the participant, the shareholders and the company’s creditors, all interests must be considered.
  • Decision

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