Orzecznictwo

  • Dane sprawy
    • Identyfikator krajowy: III SK 24/14
    • Państwo członkowskie: Polska
    • Nazwa zwyczajowa:link
    • Rodzaj decyzji: Orzeczenie sądu najwyższego
    • Data decyzji: 16/04/2015
    • Sąd: Sąd Najwyższy
    • Temat:
    • Powód/powódka: T. Spółka Akcyjna with its registered office in K.
    • Pozwany/Pozwana: the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection
    • Słowa kluczowe: average consumer, B2C, complaints, misleading commercial practices, unfair commercial practices
  • Artykuły dyrektywy
    Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Article 5, 1. Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Article 5, 2. Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Section 1, Article 6, 1.
  • Uwaga główna
    (1) "Illegality" is one of the main criteria in deciding whether a specific practice infringes collective consumer interests. "Illegality" has an objective character. It means that the fault, its level and awareness of broken legal rules is irrelevant from the perspective of the "illegality" assessment.

    (2) The difference between "professional diligence" and "good morals" is that "professional diligence" refers to knowledge and the transfer thereof, whereas "good morals" should be treated as the norms of morality and practice. An business entity should follow "good morals" when conducting the economic activity.

    (3) The Polish Act on Combating Unfair Commercial Practices does not include the term "professional diligence", so the term "good morals" should be interpreted in the light of and in accordance with EU law, taking into account the criterion of the "professional diligence".

    (4) A consumer can be misled by the practice of a business entity. A consumer trusts a business entity and this trust means that the consumer is in a weaker position as a market participant.
  • Fakty
    The plaintiff questioned the decision of the President of the Office Competition and Consumer Protection (OCCP).

    The President of the OCCP imposed administrative sanctions on the plaintiff, an entity conducting economic activity in the energy sector. The decision noted that the plaintiff applied a procedure for checking the regularity of the measurement systems (meters) installed in the premises of final consumers. According to this procedure, the systems were verified by the model meter. The system was perceived as defective, when the model meter indicated the error with the value exceeding more than twice the normative limit of the error for this measurement system.

    The permissible margin of error for systems installed at customers in group V of the plaintiff's distribution network was set at 1%, 2% or 3% - the margin for more than 70% of devices was 2%.

    Complaints about the operation of the measurement system are handled by the plaintiff on the basis of its "Instruction for the detection and elimination of illegal electricity consumption".

    The complaint procedure specified in the Instruction refers to all the company's customers. The Instruction includes a detailed description of the procedure for notifying excessive consumption of electricity. The plaintiff is obliged to check the measurement system (the meter) within seven days of a complaint being filed.

    A checked meter with an error exceeding more than twice the normative limit must be examined in the laboratory. In other cases, a meter may be checked in a laboratory only upon the consumer's written request.

    The Court of Competition and Consumer Protection ruled that this practice infringes collective consumer interests because the limit set by the plaintiff (the error exceeding more than twice the norm) is arbitrary and illegal. Moreover, consumers are entitled to file a complaint in accordance with the law (Regulation of the Minister of Economy), which means that the plaintiff's internal regulations may be misleading to consumers.
    The Court of Appeal shared this view and emphasized that the plaintiff's practice is contrary to good morals. The plaintiff subsequently filed an appeal with the Supreme Court.
  • Zagadnienie prawne
    (1) What is the meaning and character of the "illegality" of an entity's activities with regard to infringing consumer interests?

    (2) What is the difference between "professional diligence" and "good morals"?

    (3) Should the term "good morals", which exists in Polish law, be interpreted in the light of EU regulations?

    (4) Can a typical consumer be misled by an entity's practices with respect to his/her rights concerning complaints?
  • Decyzja

    The court ruled that the entity's practice infringed collective consumer interests, but repealed the judgment for formal reasons concerning the level of the punishment imposed.

    The court emphasized The court emphasized that the practice of the entity has to be illegall to be deemed an infringement of collective consumer interests. "Illegality" is one of the main criteria in assessing whether a certain practice infringes collective consumer interests. "Illegality" has an objective character. It means that the fault, its level and awareness of broken legal rules is irrelevant from the perspective of the "illegality" assessment.

    The court noted that "illegality" may be understood in a broader sense, not only as a conflict with the law, but also with good morals and the rules of social coexistence.
    The court emphasized, that the Act on combating unfair commercial practices is an implementation of the Directive 2005/29/EC into Polish law. It was noticed that the Directive includes a term "professional diligence", while the Polish Act use a clause of "good morals". The difference between "professional diligence" and "good morals" is that "professional diligence" refers to knowledge and the transfer thereof, whereas "good morals" should be treated as the norms of morality and practice. An business entity should follow "good morals" when conducting the economic activity.

    Nevertheless term "good morals" should be interpreted in the light of and in accordance with EU law, taking into account the criterion of the "professional diligence".

    The court pointed out that the crucial issue is determining how consumers could understand the information addressed to them in accordance with the plaintiff's Instruction.

    As always, the court had to refer to the model of the typical consumer of electricity. It was noted that the consumer is aware that the meter installed in his/her home may be inaccurate. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that the electricity consumer is uninformed and careless. The consumer also knows about his/her right to complain, but this does not exclude the possibility of being misled by the entity. In consequence, the consumer trusts the professional entity; however, this trust means that the consumer has a weaker position as a market participant. In this scope, the court pointed out that the verification procedure applied by the entity and the lack of reliable information about its nuances might have been misleading to consumers.

    The court ruled that the practice infringes collective consumer interests but repealed the judgment of the lower instance for procedural aspects concerning the level of punishment imposed.

    URL: N/A

    Pełny tekst: Pełny tekst

  • Powiązane sprawy

    Brak wyników

  • Literatura prawnicza

    Brak wyników

  • Wynik
    The Supreme Court repealed the judgment of the Court of Appeal.