Rechtsprechung

  • Rechtssachenbeschreibung
    • Nationale Kennung: 2 Ob 22/12t
    • Mitgliedstaat: Österreich
    • Gebräuchliche Bezeichnung:2 Ob 22/12t
    • Art des Beschlusses: Beschluss des Obersten Gerichts
    • Beschlussdatum: 24/01/2013
    • Gericht: Oberster Gerichtshof
    • Betreff:
    • Kläger: Unknown
    • Beklagter: Unknown
    • Schlagworte: B2C, terms and conditions, unfair terms
  • Artikel der Richtlinie
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, ANNEX I, 1., (k)
  • Leitsatz
    (1) A clause stating that particular clauses were expressly negotiated or that they were discussed or that the consumer's attention was drawn to them is not sufficient for these clauses not to be qualified as pre-formulated standard contractual clauses.

    (2) A clause in a consumer foreign currency credit agreement which entitles the bank to automatically convert the credit in a EURO credit upon reaching a stop-loss-limit of 15% without taking into account an imminent risk of non-performance of the bank is void, as there is no reasonable justification for this automatic conversion right.

    (3) Where consumer contracts are concerned, the reduction of an unfair clause, which has not been negotiated, to its legally permitted core (geltungserhaltende Reduktion) is no longer allowed due to a decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ 14.6.2012, C-618/10 [Banco Espanol de Crédito]).
  • Sachverhalt
    The plaintiff is a consumer who concluded a foreign currency credit agreement with the defendant.

    One of the clauses of the general terms and conditions states that "the following clauses, which are in bold letters, were expressly discussed and negotiated between me/us and the seller or his representative".

    The general terms and conditions include clauses regarding an automated conversion of the foreign currency loan if a certain threshold is exceeded. Specifically, the bank was unilaterally entitled to convert the credit which was a Swiss Franks credit into a Euro credit upon reaching a stop-loss limit of 15%.
  • Rechtsfrage
    (1) What are the requirements for a clause to not be regarded as a pre-formulated standard clause?

    (2) Under what circumstances is a unilateral change of obligation included in general terms and conditions admissible?

    (3) Is it possible to reduce an unfair clause in a consumer contract to its legally permitted core?
  • Entscheidung

    The clause stating that particular clauses were expressly negotiated is not sufficient for these clauses not to be qualified as pre-formulated standard clauses. The confirmation that specific clauses were discussed, and that the consumer's attention was drawn to them, is not sufficient.

    The legal provision on the unilateral change of obligation as defined under Annex I 1.k Directive 93/13 (implemented into Austrian law by § 6 Sec 2 Cif 3 Consumer Protection Act) states that such clause is admissible if the change is reasonable, which is especially the case if the change is minor or justified in objective terms. In the opinion of the court, the criterium of reasonableness allows for a wide margin of assessment. From the provision it may be derived that changes which are not justified in objective terms are always unreasonable.
    A clause in a consumer foreign currency credit agreement which entitles the bank to automatically convert the credit in a EURO credit upon reaching a stop-loss-limit of 15% without taking into account an imminent risk of non-performance of the bank is void, as there is no reasonable justification for this automatic conversion right.

    The Court elaborated that due to the decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ 14.6.2012, C-618/10 [Banco Espanol de Crédito]) unfair pre-formulated clauses within consumer contracts may no longer be reduced to their legally permitted core.

    URL: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Justiz&Dokumentnummer=JJT_20130124_OGH0002_0020OB00022_12T0000_000

    Volltext: Volltext

  • Verbundene Rechtssachen

    Keine Ergebnisse verfügbar

  • Rechtsliteratur

    Keine Ergebnisse verfügbar

  • Ergebnis
    The appeal was dismissed.