Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: XI ZR 55/08
    • Member State: Germany
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 21/04/2009
    • Court: BGH (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 4, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 5 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 7 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, ANNEX I, 1. Injunctions Directive, Article 1, 1. Injunctions Directive, Article 1, 2. Injunctions Directive, Annex I
  • Headnote
    Validity of an interest rate adaptation clause in the standard business terms of a savings bank.
  • Facts
    Following a claim by a consumer protection association, the Federal Court of Justice has ruled that the following clause, based on number 17 paragraph 2 sentence 1 of the standard business terms of savings banks, may not be used in the banking trade with private clients (consumers) because it puts them at an inappropriate disadvantage and is therefore invalid under article 307 of the German Civil Code: “Number 17 Remuneration, costs and expenses (…) In so far as nothing else is agreed, the remuneration in the areas of private and business banking is set and changed by the savings bank in light of the market situation (for instance, change of the general interest rate) and the effort, according to provably equitable discretion under article 315 of the German Civil Code.” The lower courts had ruled in favour of the claimant.
  • Legal issue
    The Federal Court of Justice rejected the appeal from the defendant savings banks. According to the customer-unfriendly interpretation offered during the case, the clause permitted the banks to require compensation even for those services, for which they could not require compensation because they were required to offer them under statutory provisions or other contractual duties or because they offered them exclusively in their own interest (ex. processing of account seizures, cash payments at the counter and services related to the payment of taxes). Clauses that permit a financial institution to require compensation for services that they are obligated to render under statutory provisions or other contractual duties or that they render in their own interest are invalid under article 307 of the German Civil Code according to precedents set by the Federal Court of Justice, because they are not compatible with the basic idea of the statutory provision from which they deviate and put the customer at an inappropriate disadvantage, in violation of the requirements of good faith. The right to change prices contained in the clause also puts the clients at an inappropriate disadvantage because the conditions that allow the savings bank to modify the costs are unclear, and because the clause does not contain an unambiguous duty of the savings bank to reduce the compensation with reduced costs to them. It does not contain a relationship between the rise in prices and the rise in costs, and in the case of reduced costs does not contain an obligation to reduce compensation. Through this, the savings bank is empowered not only to transfer its own costs onto the consumer but also to increase its profits so that the initially equitable relationship is changed in its favour. For clauses permitting the modification of interest rates as for clauses permitting the modification of prices, the same principles apply. Considering these principles, neither the right to modify the interest rate nor the right to modify the prices is valid.
  • Decision

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  • Result