Νομολογία

  • Στοιχεία της υπόθεσης
    • Εθνικός αναγνωριστικός αριθμός: Areios Pagos 1030/2001
    • Κράτος μέλος: Ελλάδα
    • Κοινή ονομασία:N/A
    • Είδος απόφασης: Άλλο
    • Ημερομηνία απόφασης: 04/05/2001
    • Δικαστήριο: Areios Pagos
    • Θέμα:
    • Ενάγων:
    • Εναγόμενος:
    • Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Νομολογία Ελλάδα ελληνικά
  • Άρθρα της οδηγίας
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 1, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, ANNEX I, 1.
  • Περίληψη
    1. The court scrutinised standard general terms and conditions of a life insurance contract with elements of a health insurance policy. The STCs explicitly entitled the insurance company to alter premiums unilaterally in accordance with the prevailing circumstances without any reference to the conditions under which such a change may be applied.
    2. Act 2251/94 also applies to contracts concluded before the law entered into force.
  • Πραγματικά περιστατικά
    The consumer agreed a service contract with a public limited company. The company offered services in the telecommunications sector. The STCs included: a) an exclusive right for the operator to change unilaterally the service charges without any reference to the criteria according to which such changes applied (art 6 para 2 of the STCs); b) a decision by the consumer to exercise his right of cancellation takes effect one month after the operator has been given notice of cancellation (should the consumer cancel the contract on compelling grounds before the end of the minimum 6-month period, he was still supposed to pay the fixed costs for the minimum period, including any costs of usage (art 10 para 1 of the STCs)); c) the contract also entitled the operator to make further guarantee claims of the consumer if he could reasonably deem this necessary under the given circumstances (art 11 sentence 1 of the STCs). The Greek Consumers’ Association brought a successful class action against the PLC. Both the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal upheld the Association’s claims. The PLC subsequently lodged an appeal against the ruling.
  • Νομικό ζήτημα
  • Απόφαση

    The Areios Pagos (Greek Supreme Court) proceeded on the basis that the standard terms and conditions used in a consumer contract are to be regarded as unfair if they disadvantage the consumer. Although not explicitly laid down in art 2 para 6 of Act 2251/94, the court should infer from the provision that the critical element is the question of whether the consumer is disadvantaged. Before scrutinising the contents of the STCs in accordance with the general clause in art 2 para 6 Act 2251/94, the Court of Appeal examined the question of whether the particular STCs contravened the interdictions on particular clauses specified in art 2 para 7 Act 2251/94. Any that do are to be regarded as ex lege invalid.
    The Court of Appeal came to the conclusion that granting the operator an exclusive right to alter the service charges without any reference to the criteria according to which such changes applied was in breach both of art 2 para 6 and art 2 paras 7ε and 7ια of Act 2251/94. This was because such a right allowed the operator to alter the contract arbitrarily, without good reason and to the detriment of the consumer, which, in turn, was not in line with the requirements laid down in art 288 and 388 of the Greek Civil Code (ZGB). Rather, this right weakened the consumer’s legal position insofar as it made it impossible for him to calculate in advance the amount and scope of his financial obligations to the operator.
    Furthermore, the court ruled that the term in the STCs relating to the consumer’s exercising of his right of cancellation was in breach of art 2 paras 6 and 7ιη of Act 2251/94. This was because it prevented the consumer from withdrawing from the contract without suffering considerable financial losses should the end price have risen appreciably in relation to the price agreed upon when the contract was signed.

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