Rechtspraak

  • Bijzonderheden van de zaak
    • Nationaal ID: Supreme Court, Judgement 18/02999
    • Lidstaat: Nederland
    • Gangbare benaming:N/A
    • Soort beslissing: Beslissing hooggerechtshof
    • Datum beslissing: 17/12/2021
    • Gerecht: Hoge Raad
    • Onderwerp:
    • Eiser:
    • Verweerder:
    • Trefwoorden: unfair commercial practices, unsolicited supply of goods and services, drinking water, conclusion of contract
  • Richtlijnartikelen
    Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Article 5, 5. Distance Selling Directive, Article 9 Distance Selling Directive, Article 9 Consumer Rights Directive, Chapter 5, Article 27 Consumer Rights Directive, Chapter 5, Article 27
  • Koptekst

    ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1889

    This judgement contains the Supreme Court’s application of the judgement of the CJEU 3 February 2021, case C-922/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:91. A public utilities company did not shut off the existing connection of a house to the drinking water supply when the contracting party ended the contract. The new occupant of the house refuses to conclude a contract but does benefit from the supply of water.

  • Feiten

    Within its distribution area, Waternet, a public utilities company, is a monopolist and legally required to supply consumers with drinking water supplied via pipelines. When the defendant moved into a house, Waternet did not shut down the existing connection to the drinking water supply, which resulted in the availability of water. Whenever the defendant opens a drinking water tap in his house, he receives water, even after he had indicated he did not want to conclude a contract with Waternet. Waternet then bills him for the water used.

  • Juridische kwestie

    Has a contract been concluded between a consumer and a water company if the consumer consumes drinking water without having concluded a written contract and having refused to conclude a formal contract after having been invited to do so? Does the supply of drinking water under the Drinking Water Act fall within the scope of Directive 2005/29 (Unfair Commercial Practices Directive), art. 9 Directive 97/7 (Distance Selling Directive) and art. 27 Directive 2011/83 (Consumer Rights Directive)? Is the supply of water (therefore) to be considered an unfair commercial practice within the meaning of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive and/or unsolicited supply of water within the meaning of the Consumer Rights Directive?

  • Uitspraak

    The Court of Justice held that Art. 9 Dir. 97/7 and Art. 27 Dir. 2011/83, read in conjunction with Art. 5 (5) Dir. 2005/29 are not applicable to the formation of contracts. The CJEU therefore held that it is up to the national court to determine whether a contract may be regarded as having been concluded between a water company and a consumer. The Court of Appeal held that no such contract had been concluded as within a relatively short time after the water company had addressed the consumer by letter, the consumer had made it known to the water company both by telephone and in writing that there was no contractual relationship and that he did not want one. The Supreme Court finds that this decision is flawed, as under Dutch contract law, the answer to the question of whether a contract has been concluded depends on what both parties have mutually declared and derived from each other's statements and conduct, in accordance with the sense that they may reasonably have attributed to them in the given circumstances. Offer and acceptance need not be explicit; they may take place in any form and may be implied in one or more acts. If the Court of Appeal has not disregarded this, it has not sufficiently explained its judgement, which – according to the Supreme Court – without further explanation is not understandable in the light of the circumstances brought forward by the water company that

    (i) the consumer, just like any other consumer, knew that the supply of drinking water is not free of charge,

    (ii) the consumer nevertheless structurally consumed drinking water for almost four years,

    (iii) the consumer continued his consumption of water even after he had received the welcome letter from the water company and the subsequent invoices and demands for payment, and

    (iv) the consumer, after a court order had been granted to disconnect the drinking water connection to his house, let it be known that he wanted to conclude a contract with the water company after all.

    The complaints against the Court of Appeal’s assessment are therefore successful.

    The Supreme Court further establishes that the objectives pursued by the Drinking Water Act relate to the interest of public health and not to the protection of consumers’ economic interests. In accordance with the considerations of the Court of Justice, the Supreme Court therefore finds that the supply of drinking water under the Drinking Water Act does not fall within the scope of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive or the prohibition of unsolicited supply of goods and services under Art. 9 Distance Selling Directive and Art. 27 of the Consumer Rights Directive, because the operation of these provisions is related to the provision of an unsolicited supply as prohibited by Art. 5 (5) and item 29 of Annex I to the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. As the scope of Art. 7:7 (2) BW is not intended to be broader than that of Art. 9 Distance Selling Directive and Art. 27 of the Consumer Rights Directive, it follows that Art. 7:7 (2) BW does not regulate aspects which are not covered by the aforementioned provisions of the Directives. That article therefore does not apply to the supply of drinking water.

    The complaints against the Court of Appeal’s assessment on this point are therefore also successful.

    URL: https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1889

    Integrale tekst: Integrale tekst

  • Verwante zaken

    Geen resultaten

  • Rechtsleer

    Geen resultaten

  • Resultaat

    The Supreme Court quashes the judgement of the Court of Appeal and refers the case for final judgement to another court of appeal.