Orzecznictwo

  • Dane sprawy
    • Identyfikator krajowy: XVII Ama 51/03
    • Państwo członkowskie: Polska
    • Nazwa zwyczajowa:Claimant - not specified, Defendant – Powszechny Fundusz Finansowy “J” sp. z o.o.
    • Rodzaj decyzji: Inne
    • Data decyzji: 25/03/2004
    • Sąd: Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie
    • Temat:
    • Powód/powódka:
    • Pozwany/Pozwana:
    • Słowa kluczowe:
  • Artykuły dyrektywy
    Injunctions Directive, Article 1, 1. Injunctions Directive, Article 1, 2. Injunctions Directive, Annex I
  • Uwaga główna
    Although Article 23a. 2 of the Act on the Protection of Competition and Consumers of 15 December 2000 (as amended) (implementing the Injunctions Directive) specifies that using contractual clauses which were inserted into the Register of Prohibited Clauses is an example of a practice infringing collective interests of consumers, the use of similar clauses will not necessarily infringe collective interests of consumers in every case.
    Even if a clause was declared prohibited and inserted into the Register of Prohibited Clauses following the procedure described by Articles 479.36 – 479.45 of the Code of Civil Procedure, an analogous or even identical clause might not be prohibited in other contracts (the case concerned a trader who used clauses which were similar (although not literally identical) to clauses used before by another trader which were held prohibited and inserted into the Register of Prohibited Clauses).
    The Court reversed the decision of the Head of the Office for the Protection of Competition and Consumers and held that in a different context the clauses which were inserted into the Register may not be prohibited at all.
  • Fakty
    Powszechny Fundusz Finansowy "J" sp. z o.o. used similar, although not identical, clauses to those used by another trader (declared prohibited and inserted into the Register of Prohibited Clauses) in contracts with its customers. The Head of the Office for the Protection of Competition and Consumers conducted proceedings based upon the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure amended by the Act on the Protection of Certain Consumer Rights and Liability for Losses Caused by Unfair Products of 2 March 2000. He held that by using the clauses the company infringed the collective interests of consumers (Article 23a. 2 of the Act on the Protection of Competition and Consumers). The Court for the Protection of Competition and Consumers considered the appeal of the company and reversed the decision of the Head of the Office for the Protection of Competition and Consumers.
  • Zagadnienie prawne
  • Decyzja

    The Court stressed that according to Article 23a. 1 of the Act on the Protection of Competition and Consumers (implementing the Injunctions Directive) a conduct of a trader which is illegal and adversely affects the collective interests of consumers is to be treated as the practice infringing collective interests of consumers. It also pointed out that Article 23a. 2 gives examples of such conduct - expressly mentioning the use of clauses which were inserted into the Register of Prohibited Clauses. The court thought it crucial to establish a legal status of such clauses and the Register. The clauses were held not to have universal legal effect. They are 'expressions of will' and not legal provisions. Their legal effect depends upon the consensus of the parties. The court gave quite a comprehensive account of how 'expressions of will' such as contractual clauses are to be interpreted. Apart from the text of the clauses, also the circumstances in which the clauses were incorporated into the contract should be considered in order to assess the state of mind of the parties at the time of making such 'expressions of will'. Thus, the court followed, it is impossible to interpret the meaning of an 'expression of will' using only its written text, or comparing two similar expressions using their text. Two seemingly similar expressions may have a different meaning in the context of two different contractual relations. Although a judgement of the Court for the Protection of Competition and Consumers confirming that a clause is prohibited becomes effective to third parties with the moment of an insertion of the clause into the Register of Prohibited Clauses.

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