Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: V ZR 124/05
    • Member State: Germany
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 20/01/2006
    • Court: BGH (Supreme court)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Consumer Sales and Guarantees Directive, Article 3, 2.
  • Headnote
    A creditor does not waive his right to rescind a contract under § 323(1) BGB, if he continues to demand specific performance.
  • Facts
    After having declared the rescission of a contract on the sale of a piece of real estate with the defendant, the plaintiff claims damages with respect to the costs accrued due to the execution of the contract. On 31 July 2003 the parties concluded a notarised contract of sale by which the defendant obliged himself to assign the piece of real estate to the plaintiff free of any encumbrances. The purchase price was to be paid until 15 September 2003, if by that time the notary had given the notice that there was official documentation on the deletion of all existing encumbrances on the property. However, this did not happen. By letter of 19 November 2003, the plaintiff requested the defendant to provide all documentation required for the deletion of the encumbrances within a period of 10 days. She announced that she would sue the defendant for specific performance and compensation for the damage caused by the delay after the expiration of that deadline. The defendant did not react and the deadline expired. The plaintiff initially sued for specific performance versus the payment of the purchase price. The defendant did not react to the claim form which had been served on him by the court. By letter dating from February 2004 the plaintiff stated that she was no longer willing to perform the contract and declared the rescission of the contract. After having modified her claim, she demanded the payment of EUR 17.101,09 together with interest for compensation of the costs accruing from the execution of the contract. The plaintiff only partially succeeded in the lower instances.
  • Legal issue
    The prerequisites for a plaintiff’s right to rescind the property purchase agreement under § 323(1) BGB were met. The defendant had breached his contractual obligation to facilitate the deletion of the encumbrances registered in section III of the land register until 15 September 2003, since he had not provided the documents required for the unencumbered assignment of the property by that time. The 10-days-period set by the plaintiff in the letter dating from 19 November 2003 had expired.

    Thus, the right to rescind the contract under § 323(1) BGB had come into existence. Contrary to § 326(1) BGB [old version], which had required the fixing of deadline to be combined with the announcement that later performance would not be accepted, this provision only required that the debtor does not render an act of performance which is due under the contract after the creditor had specified, without result, an additional period for performance or cure.

    The appellate court had denied a right to rescind the contract under § 323(1) BGB under the legally flawed assumption that the creditor was bound by his claim for specific performance, if he had specified, without result, an additional period for performance or cure in the terms of § 323(1) BGB to the effect that his right of rescission was waived and could only be exerted after another fruitless additional period for performance had been set. Although this legal opinion had also been advanced by some scholars, it was incompatible with the legal consequences of a fruitless additional period for performance under § 281(1) BGB and § 323(1) BGB. If the creditor (further) claimed specific performance - even if the claim was asserted by action – this could not nullify the legal consequences of a fruitless additional period for performance. Thus, the creditor did not have to lay the foundations for a right of rescission anew by fixing another deadline, if the debtor did not render specific performance after another request.
  • Decision

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