Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: KHO:2013:118
    • Member State: Finland
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Supreme court decision
    • Decision date: 28/06/2013
    • Court: Supreme Administrative Court
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff: X Ry
    • Defendant: Finnish Competition and Consumer Authority (former Finnish Consumer Authority)
    • Keywords: non-profit, package travel, scope of the Directive, trader
  • Directive Articles
    Package Travel Directive, link
  • Headnote
    A non-profit association can be considered a trader even though it does not seek profit provided that it offers its services against payment.
  • Facts
    A non-profit association (the plaintiff) has marketed and sold exchange student travels for over 50 years. The Package Travel Act requires that all traders who offer such services are registered in a register of package tour traders that is upheld by the defendant. The plaintiff has not registered itself and the defendant has prohibited the plaintiff on pain of a 10 000 Euro fine from offering package tours until it has registered itself. The plaintiff has appealed against the defendant’s decision because it does not consider itself as a trader as intended in the Consumer Protection Act and thus would not be required to register itself. The lower administrative court has dismissed the plaintiff’s appeal. The plaintiff has appealed to the supreme administrative court (the court).
  • Legal issue
    The plaintiff does not consider itself as a trader because it is purely a non-profit association which purpose is to promote the understanding between different nations and cultures. Its purpose is not to seek profit. According to the detailed justifications of the Government Bill of the Package Travel Act, in addition to corporations, for example non-profit associations are also considered traders when they carry on business intended in the provision i.e. offering package tours. Carrying on a business does not always require that it is carried out in order to seek profit. It does, however, require that an intent to earn is attached to it. The court considers that the plaintiff’s activity shall be considered professional and established based on its significant revenue and the amount of students that are send abroad in a yearly basis as well as the personnel costs that have been paid.
  • Decision

    Is a non-profit association considered a trader even though it does not seek profit from its activities?

    URL: https://www.edilex.fi/kho/vuosikirjat/201302209?

    Full text: Full text

  • Related Cases

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  • Legal Literature

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  • Result
    The plaintiff should be considered a trader as intended in the Package Travel Act when it offers package tours against payment even though it is a non-profit association. Thus, it is required to register itself to the register of package tour traders. The court does not revise the administrative court’s decision.