Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: Dnro 176/02/M2
    • Member State: Finland
    • Common Name:Consumer Ombudsman v. Suomen Mediapuhelin Oy
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 04/09/2003
    • Court: Markkinaoikeus (Court of first instance)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 1, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 7
  • Headnote
    Prohibition of unfair contract terms. The Trader may not use contract term that transfers major part of the risk to the consumer in a way that there is lack of reasonable contract balance.
  • Facts
    The defendant company Suomen Mediapuhelin Oy (the Company) marketed consumers new mobile phones. In the marketing it also announced that it takes used mobile phones as an exchange. According to the contract terms of the company the consumer obliged the to bear the preparation costs or to redeem the used phone in case there afterwards appears a defect that the consumer did not inform at the point of sale.

    The starting point was that the consumer was aware of the defects in mobile phone and she filled a form in the point of sale that described all defects of the phone. According to the contract terms the consumer was, however, also responsible for the defects that she was not aware at the point of sale, even though she had acted as a careful owner. According to the contract terms the Company was able to return the used phone to the consumer pursuant to any defect later occurred and to demand compensation for the loss.

    After having received the used phone it was sent to a maintenance company that checked the phone and inspected whether there was humidity damages or similar damages that consumer could not perceive during the usage of the phone. According to the Consumer Ombudsman (the CO) the Company had admitted that the consumer was also responsible for the hidden defects. These hidden defects are typically humidity problems that occur after 1 – 3 months of the damage.

    The CO received numerous notices from consumers and municipal consumer advisors that claimed that these terms were unfair and there were also numerous complaints in the Consumer Complaint Board.

    The CO demanded that the Company is prohibited pursuant to Consumer Protection Act 3:1 and 2 (the CPA) to continue the usage of unfair contract term. Here it is important to notice that the CO referred along with CPA and its preparatory works to the Directive 93/13/EEC and its annex concerning examples of unfair contract terms. According to the m) –intent of the annex the term is unfair if it is: “giving the seller or supplier the right to determine whether the goods or services supplied are in conformity with the contract, or giving him the exclusive right to interpret any term of the contract;“
  • Legal issue
    According to the Market Court the the CPA 3:1 (that implements the Article 3 of the Directive) is applicable to the case. According to the CPA 3:1 a trader may not use a contract term that is unfair from the point of view consumer taking into account the price of the consumer good and other relevant facts. According to the CPA 3:2 the court may impose an injunction to continue usage of unfair term.

    The Court held that the unfairness should assessed in a light whether or not the term is likely to favor the trader to extend where there is not reasonable contractual balance between parts. The Court referred to the preparatory works of the CPA, according to which this might be the case when a trader uses freedom of contract to mitigate his/her own liability and to increase the obligations of the consumer. If the term unilaterally favor the trader in a way that rocks the balance of rights and obligations it is according to the preparatory works unfair.

    The Court also noticed that the scope of the CPA Chapter 3 was amended when the Directive 93/13/EEC was implemented. The Court referred the Annex of the directive and held that terms that give right to one party of the contract unilaterally to decide of the essential elements of the contract should be deemed as unfair.
    According to the Court the Company as a trader in a mobile phone business was aware of risks related to trade of mobile phone. When to Company promised in the marketing to take the used phone as a part of the price of the new phone the Company took a price risk related to the used phone. The contract terms that the Company applied meant in practice that majority of the risk was transferred to consumer. It was likely that contract terms favored the Company in a way that there was not reasonable contract balance between parts. The Court held that the terms were unfair and contrary to the general clause of CPA 3:1 and prohibited the usage of such terms pursuant to CPA 3:2.
  • Decision

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