National training systems

This section presents the initial training scheme in the EU Member States for judges and prosecutors: entry conditions, objectives and substance, length and organisation, final evaluation.

This section presents the initial training scheme in the EU Member States for lawyers: entry conditions, objectives and substance, length and organisation, final evaluation.

National training structures are the main providers of European judicial training for the judiciary. Schools providing initial and continuous training exist in 17 Member States. In others, training is organised by the justice ministry, the council for the judiciary or court services.

National Ministries of Justice and courts are the main organisers of court staff training in the EU Member States. In other Member States this task is performed by judicial academies or judicial structures such as Councils and Prosecutors' Offices.

Bar Associations, private practices or law firms, training providers and universities are the main organisers of lawyers' induction period in the EU Member States. In some Member States, this task is performed by Courts of Appeal and the Ministry of Justice. Supervision of continuous training, where it exists, is ensured by the Bar.