Sodna praksa

  • Podatki o zadevi
    • Nacionalna ID: High Court, Judgement II Cp 2384/2019
    • Država članica: Slovenija
    • Splošno ime:N/A
    • Vrsta odločbe: Sodna odločba v pritožbenem postopku
    • Datum odločbe: 03/06/2020
    • Sodišče: Višje sodišče v Ljubljani
    • Zadeva:
    • Tožnik:
    • Toženec:
    • Ključne besede: imbalance between the rights of the parties, unfair term, consumer debt, consumer contract, court
  • Členi direktive
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3, 1. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 4 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 4, 2. Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 8 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 8
  • Uvodna opomba

    ECLI:SI:VSLJ:2020:II.CP.2384.2019

    In accordance with Article 8 of Directive 93/12 / EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts, Member States may, in the field covered by this Directive, adopt or maintain the strictest provisions compatible with the Treaty in order to ensure the highest level of consumer protection. A higher level of consumer protection than the Directive on the basis of Article 8 of the Directive is also provided by the Consumer Protection Act (ZVPot), which, due to the fact that the second paragraph of Article 4 of the Directive has not been implemented, enables the assessment of unfairness to be clear and understandable. The view that such national legislation is permissible was also taken into account by the CJEU in Case C-484/08 (judgement of 3 June 2010), Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Pledar de Madrid.

    Relevance: The Appellate Court emphasises the errors of the Court of the First Instance regarding the obligation to inform of the bank and the unfair contractual terms.

  • Dejstva
    In the present case, the litigants entered into credit agreements no. 0000-005 of 23 February 2007 and no. 0000-001 of 23 March 2007, the subject of which were loans in foreign currency (CHF) in the amount of 266,630.00 CHF and 64,820.00 CHF. At the ECB's reference rate on the day of the conclusion of the contracts, this totaled 203,818.72 EUR. Both credit agreements stipulated that the principal was to be repaid in 300 monthly annuities, which is due every 8th day of the month. The last repayment is due no later than 8 March 2032. Interest was also calculated, which consisted of the sum of the 3-month LIBOR for CHF and an interest margin of 1.60% per annum. A mortgage on the plaintiffs' real estate was established to secure liabilities under credit agreements.
  • Pravna zadeva
    1. Has the defendant fulfilled its obligation to inform to the plaintiffs regarding the conclusion of a credit agreement in foreign currency (CHF)?
    2. Can Article 4(2) of the Directive 91/13/EEC (which is not implemented in the Consumer Protection Act) be used before national courts as a legal basis when deciding on the (un)fairness of the contractual term?
  • Odločba

    The sanction of nullity is prescribed for conditions that are unfair to the consumer (Article 23 of the ZVPot). Unfair are conditions which cause a significant imbalance in the contractual rights and obligations of the parties to the detriment of the consumer; which cause the performance of the contract to be unjustified to the detriment of the consumer; which cause the performance of the contract to be significantly different from what the consumer reasonably expected, or which are contrary to the principle of diligence and honesty (Article 24 of the ZVPot). The provisions summarised mean the implementation of the Directive. The Directive stipulates that the assessment of the unfairness of contractual terms is possible only in the case of contractual terms not individually negotiated and agreed by the parties. The disputed Article 4(2) of the Directive stipulates: the main object of the contract is excluded from the assessment of unfairness if it is written in clear and comprehensible language.

    This cited Article 4(2) of the Directive has not been implemented into the ZVPot. Therefore, the Court of First Instance should not use Article 4 (2) of the Directive and justify it by stating that the ZVPot (in which the Directive was implemented) must also be interpreted in compliance with the Directive (i.e., with missing Article 4 (2)). Such a position of the Court of First Instance is not correct in the opinion of the Court of Appeal. In accordance with Article 8 of the Directive, Member States may, in the field covered by this Directive, adopt or maintain the strictest provisions compatible with the Treaty in order to ensure the highest level of consumer protection. The Court of Appeal emphasises that the ZVPot ensures a higher level of consumer protection, because it allows the assessment of the unfairness of the main subject of the contract even if it is clear and comprehensible. The view that such national legislation is permissible was also taken by the CJEU in Case C-484/08 (judgement of 3 June 2010), Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Pledar de Madrid. It is apparent from the statement of reasons for that decision that Article 4 (2) of the Directive has not been implemented into Spanish law either, which, in the CJEU's view, is not contrary to the Directive. According to the CJEU, the provision of Article 4 (2) of the Directive is not mandatory and binding.

    The plaintiffs rightly criticise the Court of First Instance for failing to carry out an assessment of the unfairness of the contractual term at issue. Furthermore, the Court of First Instance should take into account all the essential arguments and evidence of the plaintiffs. The Court of First Instance will not have to determine in the retrial whether the defendant has fulfilled its obligation to inform but will have to assess the unfairness of the contractual condition for repaying the CHF loan if it considers that it was not individually negotiated or agreed (compare Article 3 (1) of the Directive). In doing so, it will have to comment on all the essential arguments and evidence with which the plaintiffs substantiated and proved the unfairness of the contractual condition in question.

    Celotno besedilo: Celotno besedilo

  • Povezane zadeve

    Zadetki niso na voljo

  • Pravna literatura

    Zadetki niso na voljo

  • Zadetek
    The appeal is upheld, the judgement of the Court of First Instance (points I, II and IV of the operative part) is annulled and the case is returned to the Court of First Instance for a new trial. The decision on appeal costs is reserved for the final decision. An appeal is allowed against this decision.