Rechtspraak

  • Bijzonderheden van de zaak
    • Nationaal ID: Court of Appeal, The Hague, Judgement 200.280.222/01
    • Lidstaat: Nederland
    • Gangbare benaming:N/A
    • Soort beslissing: Rechterlijke beslissing in beroep
    • Datum beslissing: 08/06/2021
    • Gerecht: Gerechtshof Den Haag
    • Onderwerp:
    • Eiser:
    • Verweerder:
    • Trefwoorden: unfair term, expiration clause, presumption of unfairness
  • Richtlijnartikelen
    Unfair Contract Terms Directive, Article 3
  • Koptekst

    ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2021:1657

    This judgement follows from the decision of the Supreme Court of 27 March 2020, ECLI:NL:HR:2020:531. In that case, the Supreme Court clarified how the (un-)fairness of a contractual expiration clause is to be determined. Under such a clause, a consumer may lose their claim if the claim has not been brought within a specified period of time. The Supreme Court distinguished between three types of expiration clauses, each of which is treated differently as regards the burden of proof of unfairness. In this follow-up judgement, the Court of Appeal finds that even though the expiration clause is presumed to be unfair, this presumption is rebutted, and the clause is not found to be unfair.

  • Feiten

    In this case, the plaintiffs are the owners of houses that were built by a project developer on the basis of purchase-and-building contracts concluded with the owners at the beginning of 2008. In the terms and conditions used by the project developer, the following clause appeared:

    "1. The entrepreneur guarantees the house for six months after the date of delivery against shortcomings appearing therein.

    2. After the period mentioned in the first paragraph of this article, the entrepreneur is no longer liable for any defects to the accommodation, unless (a-c)

    (…)

    6. The legal action on account of a hidden defect shall not be admissible if it is brought after the expiry of five years from the period referred to in the first paragraph of this article. (…)”

    The house was delivered in or about May 2009.

    In a judgement of 27 March 2020, ECLI:NL:HR:2020:531, the Supreme Court held that this expiration clause is not blacklisted, as the plaintiffs argued, but also not just subject to the general unfairness test, as the Court of Appeal had determined. Instead, the Supreme Court held that this term falls within the scope of the grey list, i.e., is presumed to be unfair. The Supreme Court then referred the case to the Court of Appeal of The Hague to determine whether or not the term under the circumstances of the case is unfair.

  • Juridische kwestie

    Is the expiration clause unfair?

  • Uitspraak

    The expiration clause serves to protect the legal certainty of the trader, so that they are not confronted with a claim years after the work has been carried out. If there would not have been an expiration clause, the consumer would in principle still have been able to claim damages from the trader on the basis of a hidden defect 20 years after completion of the immovable property, or at least 2 years after the first protest. This means that the term places the consumers in a worse legal position. However, the Court of Appeal considers that there is no question of a considerable disturbance of the contractual balance between the parties’ rights and obligations. In this respect the Court of Appeal considers the following, considered together:

    - For serious defects, a contractual expiry period of 20 years after delivery still applies, equal to the statutory prescription period;

    - The period in the standard terms for (other) hidden defects is indeed much shorter, but still generous (5.5 years after delivery), and most hidden defects will have come to light within that period;

    - The contract includes completion and repair guarantees for the duration of 6 months;

    - An identical expiration clause is included in a model that (originally) was determined by organisations of all interested parties in the area of construction law, including respected consumer organisations.

    URL: https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2021:1657

    Integrale tekst: Integrale tekst

  • Verwante zaken

    Geen resultaten

  • Rechtsleer

    Geen resultaten

  • Resultaat

    The Court of Appeal confirms the original judgement of the court of first instance.